{"id":175367,"date":"2018-12-11T14:27:19","date_gmt":"2018-12-11T19:27:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/pga\/73\/?p=175367"},"modified":"2019-01-14T14:35:57","modified_gmt":"2019-01-14T19:35:57","slug":"op-ed-ayons-laudace-dagir-pour-le-climat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/pga\/73\/2018\/12\/11\/op-ed-ayons-laudace-dagir-pour-le-climat\/","title":{"rendered":"Op-Ed: Ayons l\u2019audace d\u2019agir pour le climat"},"content":{"rendered":"

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La pr\u00e9sidente de l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019ONU, Maria Fernanda Espinosa, rappelle dans une tribune au \u00ab Monde \u00bb que l\u2019objectif de la COP24 est de n\u00e9gocier le programme de mise en \u0153uvre de l\u2019Accord de Paris. Les enjeux sont trop importants pour procrastiner ou h\u00e9siter<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

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DATE: <\/strong>11 December 2018
Originally Published by Le Monde<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n

By\u00a0Mar\u00eda Fernanda Espinosa Garc\u00e9s, President of the 73rd Session of the United Nations General Assembly<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tribune. Du 2 au 14 d\u00e9cembre, les dirigeants du monde entier se retrouvent \u00e0 Katowice en Pologne pour assister \u00e0 la conf\u00e9rence des Nations unies sur le changement climatique, la COP24. Ils doivent discuter de l\u2019avancement de l\u2019Accord de Paris et achever d\u2019adopter les directives d\u2019application de sa mise en \u0153uvre. Les preuves scientifiques d\u00e9montrant la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du changement climatique ne manquent pas, pas plus que le savoir, les comp\u00e9tences, et les ressources pour surmonter cette menace existentielle. Il n\u2019y a qu\u2019une chose qui nous ralentit : la volont\u00e9 d\u2019agir<\/p>\n

En octobre, le groupe d\u2019experts intergouvernemental sur l\u2019\u00e9volution du climat (GIEC) a confirm\u00e9 ce que la plupart d\u2019entre nous savaient depuis longtemps : la situation est bien pire que ce que nous avions imagin\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Ce rapport rappelle notamment que la temp\u00e9rature a d\u00e9j\u00e0 augment\u00e9 de 1 \u00b0C. Encore pire, les auteurs d\u00e9montrent qu\u2019au rythme actuel nous n\u2019arriverons pas \u00e0 respecter l\u2019ambitieux objectif fix\u00e9 par l\u2019Accord de Paris de limiter le r\u00e9chauffement climatique \u00e0 1,5 \u00b0C. Le GIEC souligne l\u2019impact de l\u2019augmentation de la temp\u00e9rature sur les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes, les conditions
m\u00e9t\u00e9orologiques et les moyens de subsistance de centaines de millions de personnes \u00e0 travers le monde. Ces effets sont tr\u00e8s graves et ont des cons\u00e9quences dramatiques pour tous, mais en particulier pour les plus pauvres et les plus vuln\u00e9rables.<\/p>\n

Z\u00e9ro \u00e9missions d\u2019ici 2050<\/strong><\/p>\n

Bien qu\u2019ils ne puissent pas le dire avec certitude, les membres du GIEC laissaient aussi entendre que la multiplication des catastrophes naturelles, comme en t\u00e9moignent les nouveaux records \u00e9tablis par la saison des ouragans en 2017, \u00e9tait soit directement caus\u00e9e par le changement climatique, soit acc\u00e9l\u00e9r\u00e9e par ce dernier.
Selon le rapport du GIEC, maintenir le r\u00e9chauffement climatique sous les 2 degr\u00e9s et respecter l\u2019objectif de 1,5 \u00b0C apportent des b\u00e9n\u00e9fices consid\u00e9rables : 10 millions de personnes, qui seront sinon dangereusement expos\u00e9es, ne verront pas leurs domiciles engloutis par la mont\u00e9e des eaux ; 2 millions de kilom\u00e8tres carr\u00e9s de perg\u00e9lisol seront pr\u00e9serv\u00e9s ; il y aura moiti\u00e9 moins de personnes confront\u00e9es \u00e0 la p\u00e9nurie d\u2019eau ; et moiti\u00e9 moins d\u2019esp\u00e8ces animales risqueront de perdre une part importante de leur territoire naturelle.<\/p>\n

Le rapport rappelle qu\u2019il est toujours possible de limiter le r\u00e9chauffement climatique \u00e0 1,5 \u00b0C, mais pour y arriver, il faudra un niveau d\u2019engagement et d\u2019action bien plus grand. Tous les efforts, des quatre coins de notre soci\u00e9t\u00e9, de chaque pays, et chaque entreprise, devraient \u00eatre r\u00e9orient\u00e9s vers l\u2019objectif de produire z\u00e9ro \u00e9missions d\u2019ici 2050.
Cinq choses doivent \u00eatre faites : moderniser de fond en comble les secteurs de l\u2019\u00e9nergie et de l\u2019agriculture, r\u00e9viser nos m\u00e9thodes de planification urbaine, investir massivement dans les technologies \u00e9mergentes et bas carbone, mieux prot\u00e9ger les puits de carbone tels que les for\u00eats, et changer nos modes de production et consommation, en diminuant par exemple notre
consommation de viande ou d\u2019hydrocarbure.
Ces propositions sont audacieuses et peuvent potentiellement transformer la plan\u00e8te, en changeant tout, y compris notre fa\u00e7on de manger, notre fa\u00e7on de vivre, notre fa\u00e7on de se d\u00e9placer.<\/p>\n

Des questions subsistent<\/strong><\/p>\n

A Katowice, autrefois connue pour ses mines de charbon, les n\u00e9gociateurs du monde finaliseront le programme de travail de l\u2019Accord de Paris. Ce programme encadrera la mise en \u0153uvre, le suivi et\u00a0l\u2019analyse des r\u00e9sultats de l\u2019Accord. Si l\u2019Accord est cens\u00e9 \u00ab renforcer les fondements de notre maison commune \u00bb, le programme de travail est l\u2019\u00e9chafaudage qui va permettre le commencement de ces travaux. Son succ\u00e8s est fondamental.
Cependant, des questions subsistent toujours, notamment en ce qui concerne le financement, le transfert de technologie, et la transparence. Pourtant, des solutions existent dans chacun de ces domaines \u2013 et nous pouvons \u00eatre visionnaires et audacieux dans nos choix.<\/p>\n

Sur le transfert de technologie, par exemple, les pays les plus avanc\u00e9s pourraient renoncer aux droits de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 intellectuelle de certaines innovations lorsqu\u2019elles sont exploit\u00e9es dans des pays en d\u00e9veloppement. Ils pourraient \u00e9galement renoncer aux droits de douanes d\u2019importation et d\u2019exportation de ces technologies. Ainsi, l\u2019acc\u00e8s aux progr\u00e8s techniques se g\u00e9n\u00e9raliserait et faciliterait l\u2019atteinte des objectifs en mati\u00e8re de r\u00e9chauffement climatique.
A propos des financements, rappelons qu\u2019ils sont indispensables pour permettre aux Etats vuln\u00e9rables, insulaires ou en voie de d\u00e9veloppement, afin de lancer des actions pour le climat. Mais les pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s n\u2019ont pas encore honor\u00e9 leurs engagements et doivent les augmenter afin d\u2019atteindre l\u2019objectif annuel de 100 milliards de dollars.<\/p>\n

Pression des lobbyistes<\/strong><\/p>\n

De nombreux pays comptent sur des institutions financi\u00e8res multilat\u00e9rales pour soutenir leurs projets de d\u00e9veloppement, mais ce soutien s\u2019accompagne d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat sur le capital pr\u00eat\u00e9 et l\u2019imposition de certaines conditions. Nous devrions donc \u00e9tablir des m\u00e9canismes de n\u00e9gociation clairs afin de mieux appuyer les actions pour le climat.<\/p>\n

L\u2019\u00e9valuation des politiques mises en \u0153uvres dans le cadre de l\u2019Accord de Paris est aussi importante que les engagements pris avec ce trait\u00e9. De nombreux pays demandent que ces rapports d\u2019\u00e9tape fassent preuve de souplesse, notamment en ce qui concerne le calcul des \u00e9missions. Il sera important de trouver le bon \u00e9quilibre permettant de s\u2019adapter \u00e0 la situation de chacun, en s\u2019appuyant sur les m\u00e9canismes existants, tout en garantissant que les donn\u00e9es peuvent \u00eatre compar\u00e9es entre les pays et les r\u00e9gions. Nous devons pouvoir mettre en \u0153uvre l\u2019Accord sans se perdre dans les d\u00e9tails.
Nous sommes \u00e0 un tournant. Beaucoup, y compris moi-m\u00eame, ont \u0153uvr\u00e9 pendant des d\u00e9cennies pour arriver \u00e0 cet accord international, ont connu la d\u00e9ception de Copenhague, l\u2019espoir de Canc\u00fan et la c\u00e9l\u00e9bration de Paris. Les enjeux sont trop importants pour procrastiner ou h\u00e9siter. Si on accepte vraiment que le changement climatique repr\u00e9sente une menace existentielle pour notre monde, on doit agir, quelle que soit la pression des lobbyistes.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

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La pr\u00e9sidente de l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019ONU, Maria Fernanda Espinosa, rappelle dans une tribune au \u00ab Monde \u00bb que l\u2019objectif de la COP24 est de n\u00e9gocier le programme de mise […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":266,"featured_media":175389,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[401],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-175367","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-op-ed","et-has-post-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"\nOp-Ed: Ayons l\u2019audace d\u2019agir pour le climat - General Assembly of the United Nations<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/pga\/73\/2018\/12\/11\/op-ed-ayons-laudace-dagir-pour-le-climat\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Op-Ed: Ayons l\u2019audace d\u2019agir pour le climat - 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