{"id":290089,"date":"2025-10-27T17:00:38","date_gmt":"2025-10-27T21:00:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/pga\/80\/?p=290089"},"modified":"2025-10-27T17:00:38","modified_gmt":"2025-10-27T21:00:38","slug":"pga-remarks-at-the-35th-meeting-of-legal-advisers","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.un.org\/pga\/80\/2025\/10\/27\/pga-remarks-at-the-35th-meeting-of-legal-advisers\/","title":{"rendered":"PGA Remarks at the 35th\u00a0Meeting of Legal Advisers"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Remarks by the President of the General Assembly\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>H.E. Ms. Annalena Baerbock<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>at the 35<sup>th<\/sup>\u00a0Meeting of Legal Advisers<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>27 October,\u00a02025<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>[As\u00a0Delivered]<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\n<p>Thank you very much and I\u2019m sorry I\u2019m quite late as I just came out of the event of Women, Peace, and Security celebrating 25 years of Resolution 1325 making clear also how far we\u2019ve come.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>And I would like to thank at the beginning, you, dear President, for inviting me although I invited myself because for me it is very important to discuss together with you, with legal experts, this situation where I believe things are not only under pressure but things that we should prevent and for decades are not a given anymore.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Because when we are celebrating 80 years of the United Nations, we always remember ourself that this institution was born from the ashes of war and horror.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>That the founders of the Ä¢¹½ÊÓƵ were determined to emerge from an era of devastation with a new direction for humanity, based on an international legal order, based on principles and rules for states to live peacefully together.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Principles and rules that apply to every state, large or small, and even the biggest superpowers.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Because they understood, as all legal advisers understood, that without clear, binding rules, governing the rights and obligations of States and peoples would not be possible, without them the world would once again descend into chaos and atrocity.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>And for eight decades these principles and rules of the Ä¢¹½ÊÓƵ Charter have endured as our north star, guiding the global community towards peace, justice, and cooperation.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>But unfortunately, we do not live in a perfect world.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>And unfortunately we are facing some heavy and some new headwinds.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Despite the United Nations Member States\u2019 commitment to uphold the Charter and international law, over the past eight decades we have seen too many violations of it.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Today we are witnessing even new and troubling dimensions of these violations:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Perpetrators are no longer hiding their actions, but instead brazenly dismiss the rule of law.<\/li>\n<li>The crime of all crimes&#8211;war of aggression&#8211;is returning, in blatant contravention and contradiction of the Ä¢¹½ÊÓƵ Charter.<\/li>\n<li>The protection of civilians in armed conflict is being eroded.<\/li>\n<li>New forms of violations, including the detention of Ä¢¹½ÊÓƵ personnel, are occurring in defiance of the protections owed to\u00a0international civil servants.<\/li>\n<li>Sanctions have been imposed on the, on our, International Criminal Court, against officials, public servants dedicated to defending the rule of law and holding criminals accountable.<\/li>\n<li>And international law is increasingly being applied selectively, while some even question the principles enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, including non-discrimination regardless of race, sex, religion, or nationality.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The sheer scale and frequency of these violations are shocking.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>But, and this is why I\u2019m here and I believe that the glass is ever half full despite these worrying developments, because otherwise you should not be in international diplomacy and international law.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Besides all of this, we cannot remain passive or paralyzed in our shock \u2013 because passivity quickly becomes complacency.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>And we cannot allow cynics to weaponize these failures to discredit our institutions and undermine faith in international law.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>I am these days quite often being asked, especially by some in the media, \u201cSince the Ä¢¹½ÊÓƵ has not solved every war, do we still need it?\u201d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>And\u00a0my answer is always the same\u2014definitely yes, we need the Ä¢¹½ÊÓƵ, we need these rules, we need these principles more than ever.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Because no country in the world would be better off without the United Nations.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>And when we are facing some of the challenges of international law, is it really international law which is not strong enough?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Is it really the Charter that is failing?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Or is it rather the commitment of individual member States which are not living up to these violations?<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>And we should never forget that international law, the international community, is only as strong as the commitment of every Member State.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>And again, the opposite is also true, while there are some of these violations of the Charter and of international law or international humanitarian law, on balance the international community remains heavily committed to international law and all its regulations.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Despite escalating economic tensions, three-quarters of global trade remains governed under WTO trade laws.<\/li>\n<li>Despite war crimes and crimes against humanity, justice and accountability have been delivered through International Criminal Court decisions.<\/li>\n<li>And despite the violations of a few, the vast majority of Member States continue to uphold international law, and even expand international law&#8211;because they know it\u2019s their life insurance also for future challenges.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Considering, as has been mentioned, some of these examples by the Under Secretary-General, the Agreement on Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction, or the BBNJ Agreement, a landmark treaty to protect our shared marine biodiversity, adopted only recently in 2023 and entering into force next January.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Or the United Nations Convention Against Cybercrime, a new mechanism to strengthen cooperation to fight crimes that know no borders, which just opened for signature.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>And during this session, during this 80th\u00a0session, the Sixth Committee will continue the work initiated last year towards two more legally binding instruments: one on crimes against humanity, and another on protection of persons in the event of disasters.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>These are not signs of decay. They are signs of determination.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>And we have seen the power of international law to fill gaps in political will.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Just remember six years ago, 27 students from the Pacific called upon the International Court of Justice to take on the issue of climate change.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Many around the world, maybe also some in this room, thought&#8230;well, nice try.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>But two years ago, the General Assembly heard these calls and adopted a resolution requesting an advisory opinion.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>And then, in July this year, the International Court of Justice issued its landmark advisory opinion on States\u2019 climate obligations.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>So obviously the international community is there and international law is there, and it is strong.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Or take the example of the ICJ affirming last year that the population in Gaza must receive unhindered basic services and humanitarian assistance, including food, water, electricity and medical supplies.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>And this was long before Member States agreed to the New York Declaration and even the recent ceasefire.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>It was the Court\u2019s advice.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Under-Secretary-General Hammarskj\u00f6ld,<\/p>\n<p>Excellencies,<\/p>\n<p>Legal advisers,<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>This year\u2019s International Law Week, and the 35th\u00a0Meeting of Legal Advisers, therefore provides an opportunity not only to reflect deeply on today\u2019s challenges but also to chart a renewed path forward, anchored to the Ä¢¹½ÊÓƵ Charter and the rule of law.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>And you&#8211;the defenders of our international legal order&#8211;are, in these fragmented geopolitical times, more vital than ever before.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Because this work does not just take place in the lofty chambers of the Peace Palace at the Hague, or even these very halls here at the United Nations.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>It happens every day in your capitals, your ministries, your courts\u2014advising your governments, interpreting legal obligations, and negotiating treaties that bind all of us.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>And that includes speaking truth to those in power.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>In the words of ICJ judge Dire Tladi, who was once a legal adviser, the job of legal advisers is, he said, \u201cto assist political principals to make the right choices \u2013 or if they make the wrong choices, to make them with their eyes wide open\u201d.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>So every part of your work, no matter how technical or incremental, upholds centuries of legal progress and practice.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>As I said at the opening of the 80th\u00a0Session of the General Assembly, this is no ordinary session.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>It depends more than ever, not only on heads of State, but it depends on each one of us.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>We stand at a crossroads.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>And every Member State bears the responsibility to choose the right path every day.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The path to preserve, defend, and strengthen the international rule of law.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>So, I am counting on each of you to do just that, standing not only at the crossroads, but being ready to choose the right path.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>The right path for justice.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>I thank you.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Remarks by the President of the General Assembly\u00a0 H.E. Ms. Annalena Baerbock at the 35th\u00a0Meeting of Legal Advisers 27 October,\u00a02025 \u00a0 [As\u00a0Delivered] Thank you very much and I\u2019m sorry I\u2019m [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":373,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"","_et_pb_old_content":"","_et_gb_content_width":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[81,111],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-290089","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-blog","category-speeches","et-doesnt-have-format-content","et_post_format-et-post-format-standard"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>PGA Remarks at the 35th\u00a0Meeting of Legal Advisers | General Assembly of the United Nations<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.un.org\/pga\/80\/2025\/10\/27\/pga-remarks-at-the-35th-meeting-of-legal-advisers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PGA Remarks at the 35th\u00a0Meeting of Legal Advisers | General Assembly of the United Nations\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Remarks by the President of the General Assembly\u00a0 H.E. 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