蘑菇视频

4 November 2026

BACKGRO蘑菇视频D

More than three years of hostilities have damaged most of Gaza’s built environment. According to the United Nations Satellite Centre (蘑菇视频OSAT), 81 per cent of all structures in Gaza had been damaged by June 2026. At the same time, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) reports that the Israeli military remains deployed in 65 per cent of Gaza, severely restricting the nearly 2.1 million people to an already overcrowded area.

With nowhere else to go, many displaced families have moved back into structurally compromised and dangerous buildings. Building collapses are a recurring cause of death and injury, most recently on 16 September 2026, when a war-damaged residential building sheltering about 100 displaced people collapsed in Gaza city, killing 21 people.

Dangerous buildings are among the most complex legal, engineering and humanitarian challenges for emergency response, early recovery and reconstruction. They put lives directly at risk, block access to affected areas and delay the restoration of essential services. This report presents the results of field and technical assessments of buildings classified as requiring total or partial demolition, as registered in the Integrated National Damage Assessment System (INDAS) of the Arab and International Organization to Construct in Palestine (AIOCP) as of 1 October 2026. The findings provide a basis for assessing hazard severity, prioritizing interventions and supporting return, recovery and reconstruction.

RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Prioritize mitigation; use relocation only as a last resort. For dangerous buildings that are inhabited, mitigation measures should firstly be applied. This can include evacuating affected floors or sections, removing dangerous elements, partial demolition, shoring, marking and cordoning. Relocation should be considered only where life-threatening risks cannot be mitigated. Where it is required, humanitarian partners should identify feasible options and engage affected families on the risks and choices available with a people-centered approach. Humanitarian partners can support this process through intention surveys with affected families, validation of receiving sites and the provision of basic shelter and WASH water and sanitation (WASH) services at those sites, with other essential services coordinated through the inter-cluster system.
2. Ensure every demolition is safe and protects rights. Before demolition, coordinate explosive ordnance clearance with the Mine Action Area of Responsibility and the possible recovery of human remains with Palestinian Civil Defence authorities. Document property ownership to protect Housing, Land and Property (HLP) rights, and manage hazardous rubble with the Debris Management Working Group. Ensure people relocating do so with free and informed consent, following the Relocation Task Force guidance and procedures.
3. Develop one coordinated action plan. Bring together unsafe buildings, unsafe schools, flood-risk sites, eviction risk sites, UXO/ERW risk sites, relocation needs and debris-management capacity under one plan, so that the response targets the highest-risk caseloads and avoids duplication. This action must be revisited regularly to update new risks as they arise.
4. Continue to advocate for predictable humanitarian access to all parts of Gaza. Restrictions on access to 65 percent of Gaza is a key obstacle to humanitarian response. Humanitarian partners should continue to advocate for safe, sustained, and predictable access to all areas of Gaza.
5. Provide shoring materials and equipment. Suitable shoring is not available in Gaza. With adequate shoring, about 55 per cent of dangerous buildings could be temporarily secured until demolition capacity becomes available.
6. Continue to advocate for lifting restrictions on essential items classified as “dual use”. This includes equipment, spare parts and engine oil to expand the very limited pool of local contractors able to undertake this work currently active in Gaza.
7. Ensure all neighbourhoods are covered with comprehensive damage assessment. This includes extending coverage to areas not yet assessed when access improves, ensuring assessments are kept up to date to ensure new damage or new occupancy is well understood, introducing additional testing to verify structural integrity and sharing INDAS data with partners for joint prioritization.
8. Harmonize classification across assessments. Partners assessing dangerous buildings in Gaza should agree on common criteria for classifying risk and the required intervention, so that results can be compared and combined into a single priority list.
9. Share data with relevant parties. Partners assessing dangerous buildings in Gaza should share data with the Shelter Cluster, based on the common criteria. This is to avoid duplication of assessments and wasting of limited resources.