蘑菇视频

This brief explores how World Trade Organization (WTO) rules and processes on agricultural subsidies, intellectual property, and export restrictions could be improved to foster climate-resilient food systems in least developed countries (LDCs). The brief recommends the following:? providing targeted assistance to LDCs to design climate-resilient agricultural subsidies and use existing WTO rules on domestic support more effectively;? offering financial support and policy advice to help LDCs optimize their public budgets for food and agriculture;? clarifying existing disciplines on export competition so that food aid and concessional sales to LDCs are not treated as prohibited export subsidies; ? mapping key climate technologies for LDCs and their intellectual property status; ? enhancing the effectiveness of existing provisions in the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement) relevant to technology transfer to LDCs, in particular Article 66.2; ? establishing a dedicated transition framework under the TRIPS Agreement for LDCs graduating in the coming years; ? prohibiting the imposition of export bans by food-producing countries that adversely affect LDCs; ? providing clearer guidance on the interpretation of terms such as “critical shortage” and “temporary” under Article XI:2 of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade 1994 governing export restrictions; ? limiting export restrictions voluntarily to the extent necessary to meet the domestic needs of food-exporting countries; ? providing guidance to fertilizer-producing countries on the use of export restrictions; ? developing a global repository to host food security-related statistics relevant to LDCs.